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dictionary – Data set with many variables in Python, many indented dictionaries?

I am working with a data set that has many variables. Currently I am storing the data in many indented dictionaries in the following way:

import numpy as np

X_POSITIONS = (0,1.5,1)
Y_POSITIONS = (0,1,2)
CHANNELS = ('left pad', 'right pad', 'top pad', 'bottom pad')

data = {}
for x in X_POSITIONS:
    data(x) = {}
    for y in Y_POSITIONS:
        data(x)(y) = {}
        for ch in CHANNELS:
            data(x)(y)(ch) = np.random.rand() # Here I would place my data.

This works fine, but it is cumbersome if by some reason I need to change the order of the keys. Consider the following function:

def do_something_with_single_channel(data_from_one_channel):
    for x in data_from_one_channel:
        for y in data_from_one_channel(x):
            print(f'x = {x}, y = {y}, data(x)(y) = {data_from_one_channel(x)(y)}')

Before calling this function the whole data object has to be rearranged:

new_data = {}
for ch in CHANNELS:
    new_data(ch) = {}
    for x in X_POSITIONS:
        new_data(ch)(x) = {}
        for y in Y_POSITIONS:
            new_data(ch)(x)(y) = data(x)(y)(ch)

do_something_with_single_channel(new_data('left pad'))

Since this seems to be a very common thing to do, I am sure that there must already exist something better than dictionaries for this purpose. Ideally I imagine something that can be accessed in the same way as the arguments of a function by giving names to the variables and forgetting about the order, for example something of the form

do_something_with_single_channel(data(channel='left pad'))

Does something like this exists? What’s the name?

io – How to match keys and values in a Python dictionary?

I have the following data representing usernames and passwords in a text file named “user_table.txt“:

Jane - valentine4Me
Billy 
Billy - slick987
Billy - monica1600Dress
 Jason - jason4evER
Brian - briguy987321CT
Laura - 100LauraSmith
   Charlotte - beutifulGIRL!
  Christoper - chrisjohn
Bruce - Bruce

I then create a Python dictionary using the following code:

users = {}

with open("user_table.txt", 'r') as file:
    for line in file:
        line = line.strip()
    
        # if there is no password
        if ('-' in line) == False:
            continue
    
        # otherwise read into a dictionary
        else:
            key, value = line.split(' - ')
            users(key) = value
            
k= users.keys()
print(k)

The following code is a function to authenticate using some simple rules:

a) if the user is logged in (based on login_status), the prompt

b) if the username does not exist in the file, then prompt

c) if the username exists, but does not match the password in the file, then prompt

Here is the function that (tries) to implement this:

def authenticate(login_status, username, password):


    with open("user_table.txt", 'r') as file:
        for line in file:
            line = line.strip()
        
            # if there is no password
            if ('-' in line) == False:
                continue
        
            # otherwise read into a dictionary
            else:
                key, value = key, value = line.split(' - ')
                users(key) = value.strip()
                
    user_table= users.items()
    user_names = user_table.keys()
#    print(k)

    if login_status == True:
        print('User {} is already logged in.'.format(username))

    if username not in user_table.keys():
        print('username is not found')
    
    if username in user_table.keys() and password != user_table.get('value'):
        print('the password is incorrect')
        
    if username in user_table.keys() and password == user_table.get('value'):
        print('welcome to our new application')

When I call the following:

authenticate(False, 'Brian', 'briguy987321CT')

I get this error:

AttributeError: 'dict_items' object has no attribute 'keys'

The error is caused by:

if username not in user_table.keys():

Any ideas where the mistake is?

Thanks in advance!

Small play button for playing dictionary audios

As topic says, I;m looking for a way to add some small play buttons in a page to play dictionary pronunciations (files on my own host).
I have build my site with Elementor, is there any way to do that?

dictionary – Python map list with strings

I have split a sentence into a list:
splitList = ("Lately,", "I've", "had", "fun")

To my limited understanding with

import string
map(lambda x: x.strip(string.punctuation), splitList)

I should be able to remove the comma from the first list element so that I get:
splitList = ("Lately", "I've", ...).

Where is my error, why doesn’t this work?

c++ – AVL dictionary implementation

I have implemented a dictionary with an AVL tree, and here is the code and I need help improving it.

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <list>


using namespace std;

class NoSuchKeyExeption {};

template<typename k, typename t>
class dictionary
{
private:
    struct element
    {
        k key;
        t data;
        unsigned height;
        unsigned level;
        element* left;
        element* right;
    };
    element* root;
    unsigned size;

    bool pinsert(element* ptr, const k &key, const t &data,element* parent);

    bool pinsert_pseudo(element* ptr, element* toadd, element* parent);

    element* pcopy(const element* ptr);

    void pinsert_rec(const element* ptr);

    void clear(element* ptr);

    bool pexists(element* ptr, const k& key)const;

    ostream & printos(ostream & os,element* ptr)const;

    ostream & printosdes(ostream & os,element* ptr)const;

    unsigned pheight(const element* ptr)const;

    void calclvls(element* ptr, unsigned lvl, vector<element*> &storage, unsigned & maxlvl)const;

    element* find(const k &key, element* ptr, element*& parent)const;

    void find(element* ptr, vector<k> &keys)const;

    void find(const t &data, element* ptr, vector<k> &keys)const;

    void find(element* ptr, list<k> &keys)const;

    void find(const t &data, element* ptr, list<k> &keys)const;

    element* findrep(element* ptr, bool dir, element*& parent)const;

    element* balance(element* ptr);

    void premove(const element* ptr);

    bool premove(const k &key, element* ptr, element* parent);

    bool comparator(const element* ptr)const;

    inline void newheight(element* ptr);

public:

    dictionary();
    dictionary(const dictionary<k,t> & copy);
    ~dictionary();
    dictionary<k,t> & operator=(const dictionary<k,t> & copy);

    template<typename u, typename i>
    friend dictionary<u,i> operator+(const dictionary<u,i> & add1, const dictionary<u,i> & add2);
    template<typename u, typename i>
    friend dictionary<u,i> operator-(const dictionary<u,i> & subtract1, const dictionary<u,i> & subtract2);

    dictionary<k,t> & operator+=(const dictionary<k,t> & add)
    {
        *this=*this+add;
        return *this;
    };

    dictionary<k,t> & operator-=(const dictionary<k,t> & subtract)
    {
        *this=*this-subtract;
        return *this;
    };


    void clear();
    t& getData(const k& key)const;
    vector<k> vgetKeys()const;
    vector<k> vgetKeys(const t& data)const;
    list<k> lgetKeys()const;
    list<k> lgetKeys(const t& data)const;


    unsigned int getSize()
    {
        return size;
    };

    bool empty()const
    {
        if(!root)
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    };

    bool insert(const k &key, const t &data);

    bool remove(const k &key);

    inline bool exists(const k &key)const;

    bool changeKey(const k &keyfrom,const k &keyto);

    void printTree()const;

    template<typename u, typename i>
    friend bool operator==(const dictionary<u,i> & check1,const dictionary<u,i> & check2);

    template<typename u, typename i>
    friend bool operator!=(const dictionary<u,i> & check1,const dictionary<u,i> & check2);

    template<typename u, typename i>
    friend ostream & operator<< (ostream & os, const dictionary<u,i> & toprint);

    void printDescend(ostream & os)const;
};

//MAI JEWELRY
template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::pinsert(element* ptr, const k &key, const t &data,element* parent)
{
    if(root==nullptr)
    {
        element* temp = new element;
        temp->key=key;
        temp->data=data;
        temp->height=1;

        temp->left=nullptr;
        temp->right=nullptr;
        root=temp;
        size=1;
        return true;
    }
    if(ptr->key<key)
    {
        if(ptr->right==nullptr)
        {
            element * temp=new element;
            temp->key=key;
            temp->data=data;
            temp->height=1;

            temp->left=nullptr;
            temp->right=nullptr;

            ptr->right=temp;
            size++;
            newheight(ptr);
            return true;
        }
        if(pinsert(ptr->right,key,data,ptr))
        {
            newheight(ptr);
            if(parent)
            {
                if(parent->right==ptr)
                    parent->right=balance(ptr);
                else
                    parent->left=balance(ptr);
            }
            else
                root=balance(ptr);
            return true;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }
    else if(key<ptr->key)
    {
        if(ptr->left==nullptr)
        {
            element * temp=new element;
            temp->key=key;
            temp->data=data;
            temp->height=1;

            temp->left=nullptr;
            temp->right=nullptr;

            ptr->left=temp;
            size++;
            newheight(ptr);
            return true;
        }
        if(pinsert(ptr->left,key,data,ptr))
        {
            newheight(ptr);
            if(parent)
            {
                if(parent->right==ptr)
                    parent->right=balance(ptr);
                else
                    parent->left=balance(ptr);
            }
            else
                root=balance(ptr);
            return true;
        }
        else
            return false;

    }
    return false;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::pinsert_pseudo(element* ptr, element* toadd, element* parent)
{
    if(root==nullptr)
    {
        toadd->left=nullptr;
        toadd->right=nullptr;
        toadd->height=1;
        root=toadd;
        size++;
        return true;
    }
    if(ptr->key<toadd->key)
    {
        if(ptr->right==nullptr)
        {
            toadd->height=1;

            toadd->left=nullptr;
            toadd->right=nullptr;

            ptr->right=toadd;
            size++;
            newheight(ptr);
            //balance(root);
            return true;
        }
        if(pinsert_pseudo(ptr->right,toadd,ptr))
        {
            newheight(ptr);
            if(parent)
                if(parent->right==ptr)
                    parent->right=balance(ptr);
                else
                    parent->left=balance(ptr);
            else
                root=balance(ptr);
            return true;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }
    else if(toadd->key<ptr->key)
    {
        if(ptr->left==nullptr)
        {
            toadd->height=1;

            toadd->left=nullptr;
            toadd->right=nullptr;

            ptr->left=toadd;
            size++;
            newheight(ptr);
            //balance(root);
            return true;
        }
        if(pinsert_pseudo(ptr->left,toadd,ptr))
        {
            newheight(ptr);
            if(parent)
                if(parent->right==ptr)
                    parent->right=balance(ptr);
                else
                    parent->left=balance(ptr);
            else
                root=balance(ptr);
            return true;
        }
        else
            return false;

    }
}


template<typename k, typename t>
typename dictionary<k,t>::element* dictionary<k,t>::pcopy(const element* ptr)
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    element * temp=new element;
    temp->key=ptr->key;
    temp->data=ptr->data;
    temp->height=ptr->height;

    temp->left=pcopy(ptr->left);
    temp->right=pcopy(ptr->right);
    size++;
    return temp;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::pinsert_rec(const element* ptr)
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;
    if(!pexists(root,ptr->key))
        pinsert(root,ptr->key,ptr->data,nullptr);
    pinsert_rec(ptr->left);
    pinsert_rec(ptr->right);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::clear(element* ptr)
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;

    clear(ptr->left);
    clear(ptr->right);
    delete ptr;
    ptr=nullptr;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::pexists(element* ptr, const k& key)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return false;

    if(ptr->key==key)
        return true;

    if(pexists(ptr->left,key)||pexists(ptr->right,key))
        return true;
    return false;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
ostream & dictionary<k,t>::printos(ostream & os,element* ptr)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return os;
    printos(os,ptr->left);
    os<<"Key:"<<endl<<ptr->key<<endl<<"Data:"<<endl<<ptr->data<<endl;
    printos(os,ptr->right);
    return os;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
ostream & dictionary<k,t>::printosdes(ostream & os,element* ptr)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return os;
    printosdes(os,ptr->right);
    os<<"Key:"<<endl<<ptr->key<<endl<<"Data:"<<endl<<ptr->data<<endl;
    printosdes(os,ptr->left);
    return os;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
unsigned dictionary<k,t>::pheight(const element* ptr)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return 0;
    unsigned l=pheight(ptr->left);
    unsigned r=pheight(ptr->right);
    if(l>r)
        return l+1;
    else
        return r+1;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::calclvls(element* ptr, unsigned lvl, vector<element*> &storage, unsigned & maxlvl)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;
    ptr->level=++lvl;
    storage.push_back(ptr);
    if(maxlvl<lvl)
        maxlvl=lvl;
    calclvls(ptr->left,lvl,storage,maxlvl);
    calclvls(ptr->right,lvl,storage,maxlvl);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
typename dictionary<k,t>::element* dictionary<k,t>::find(const k &key,element* ptr,element*& parent)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return nullptr;
    if(ptr->key==key)
        return ptr;
    parent=ptr;
    element* lrptr=find(key,ptr->left,parent);
    if(lrptr==nullptr)
    {
        parent=ptr;
        lrptr=find(key,ptr->right,parent);
    }
    return lrptr;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::find(element* ptr, vector<k> &keys)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;
    keys.push_back(ptr->key);

    find(ptr->left,keys);
    find(ptr->right,keys);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::find(const t &data, element* ptr, vector<k> &keys)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;
    if(ptr->data==data)
        keys.push_back(ptr->key);

    find(data,ptr->left,keys);
    find(data,ptr->right,keys);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::find(element* ptr, list<k> &keys)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;
    keys.push_back(ptr->key);

    find(ptr->left,keys);
    find(ptr->right,keys);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::find(const t &data, element* ptr, list<k> &keys)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;
    if(ptr->data==data)
        keys.push_back(ptr->key);

    find(data,ptr->left,keys);
    find(data,ptr->right,keys);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
typename dictionary<k,t>::element* dictionary<k,t>::findrep(element* ptr,bool dir,element*& parent)const
{
    if(dir)
    {
        if(ptr->right==nullptr)
            return ptr;
        else
        {
            parent=ptr;
            return findrep(ptr->right,true,parent);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if(ptr->left==nullptr)
            return ptr;
        else
        {
            parent=ptr;
            return findrep(ptr->left,false,parent);
        }
    }
}


template<typename k, typename t>
typename dictionary<k,t>::element* dictionary<k,t>::balance(element* ptr)
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    int l=0;
    int r=0;
    if(ptr->left)
        l=ptr->left->height;
    if(ptr->right)
        r=ptr->right->height;
    int balfac=l-r;
    if(balfac<=1&&balfac>=-1)
        return ptr;
    element* swapper;
    if(balfac>1)
    {
        swapper=ptr->left;

        if(ptr->left->right)
        {
            ptr->left=swapper->right;
            swapper->right=swapper->right->left;
            ptr->left->left=swapper;

            newheight(swapper);
            newheight(ptr->left);
            newheight(ptr);

            swapper=ptr->left;
        }

        ptr->left=swapper->right;
        swapper->right=ptr;

        newheight(ptr);
        newheight(swapper);

        if(root==ptr)
            root=swapper;
        return swapper;
    }
    else
    {
        swapper=ptr->right;

        if(ptr->right->left)
        {
            ptr->right=swapper->left;
            swapper->left=swapper->left->right;
            ptr->right->right=swapper;

            newheight(swapper);
            newheight(ptr->right);
            newheight(ptr);

            swapper=ptr->right;
        }

        ptr->right=swapper->left;
        swapper->left=ptr;

        newheight(ptr);
        newheight(swapper);

        if(root==ptr)
            root=swapper;
        return swapper;
    }
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::premove(const element* ptr)
{
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return;
    remove(ptr->key);
    premove(ptr->right);
    premove(ptr->left);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::premove(const k &key, element* remptr, element* parent)
{
    if(remptr==nullptr)
        return false;
    if(remptr->key!=key)
    {
        if(key<remptr->key)
        {
            if(premove(key,remptr->left,remptr))
            {
                newheight(remptr);
                if(parent)
                    if(parent->right==remptr)
                        parent->right=balance(remptr);
                    else
                        parent->left=balance(remptr);
                else
                    balance(remptr);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        else
        {
            if(premove(key,remptr->right,remptr))
            {
                newheight(remptr);
                if(parent)
                    if(parent->right==remptr)
                        parent->right=balance(remptr);
                    else
                        parent->left=balance(remptr);
                else
                    balance(remptr);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    if(remptr->right==nullptr&&remptr->left==nullptr)
    {
        if(parent)
        {
            if(parent->right==remptr)
                parent->right=nullptr;
            else
                parent->left=nullptr;
        }
        else
            root=nullptr;
        delete remptr;
        size--;
        return true;
    }
    if(remptr->right==nullptr||remptr->left==nullptr)
    {
        if(parent)
        {
            if(parent->right==remptr)
            {
                if(remptr->right==nullptr)
                    parent->right=remptr->left;
                else
                    parent->right=remptr->right;
            }
            else
            {
                if(remptr->right==nullptr)
                    parent->left=remptr->left;
                else
                    parent->left=remptr->right;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(remptr->right==nullptr)
                root=remptr->left;
            else
                root=remptr->right;
        }
        delete remptr;
        size--;
        return true;
    }

    element* repparent=nullptr;
    element* repptr=findrep(remptr->right,false,repparent);

    if(parent)
    {
        if(parent->right==remptr)
            parent->right=repptr;
        else
            parent->left=repptr;
    }
    else
        root=repptr;
    repptr->left=remptr->left;
    if(remptr->right!=repptr)
    {
        repparent->left=repptr->right;
        repptr->right=remptr->right;
    }
    delete remptr;
    size--;

    return true;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::comparator(const element* ptr)const
{
    if(ptr==nullptr&&root==nullptr)
        return true;
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        return true;
    if(!pexists(root,ptr->key))
        return false;
    if(comparator(ptr->left)&&comparator(ptr->right))
        return true;
    return false;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::newheight(element* ptr)
{
    if(ptr->right||ptr->left)
    {
        if(ptr->right&&ptr->left)
            ptr->height=ptr->right->height>ptr->left->height?ptr->right->height+1:ptr->left->height+1;
        else if(ptr->right)
            ptr->height=ptr->right->height+1;
        else
            ptr->height=ptr->left->height+1;
    }
    else
        ptr->height=1;
}


//MAI PUBLICS
template<typename k, typename t>
dictionary<k,t>::dictionary()
{
    root=nullptr;
    size=0;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
dictionary<k,t>::dictionary(const dictionary<k,t> & copy)
{
    size=0;
    root=pcopy(copy.root);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
dictionary<k,t>::~dictionary()
{
    clear(root);
    size=0;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
dictionary<k,t> & dictionary<k,t>::operator=(const dictionary<k,t> & copy)
{
    if(this==&copy)
        return *this;
    clear(root);
    size=0;
    root=pcopy(copy.root);
}
template<typename k, typename t>
dictionary<k,t> operator+(const dictionary<k,t> & add1, const dictionary<k,t> & add2)
{
    dictionary<k,t> temp;
    temp.root = temp.pcopy(add1.root);
    temp.pinsert_rec(add2.root);
    return temp;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
dictionary<k,t> operator-(const dictionary<k,t> & subtract1, const dictionary<k,t> & subtract2)
{
    dictionary<k,t> temp;
    temp.root = temp.pcopy(subtract1.root);
    temp.premove(subtract2.root);
    return temp;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::clear()
{
    clear(root);
    size=0;
    root=nullptr;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
t& dictionary<k,t>::getData(const k& key)const
{
    element *ptr,*parent;
    ptr=find(key,root,parent);
    if(ptr==nullptr)
        throw NoSuchKeyExeption();
    return ptr->data;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
vector<k> dictionary<k,t>::vgetKeys()const
{
    vector<k> keys;
    find(root,keys);
    return keys;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
vector<k> dictionary<k,t>::vgetKeys(const t& data)const
{
    vector<k> keys;
    find(data,root,keys);
    return keys;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
list<k> dictionary<k,t>::lgetKeys()const
{
    list<k> keys;
    find(root,keys);
    return keys;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
list<k> dictionary<k,t>::lgetKeys(const t& data)const
{
    list<k> keys;
    find(data,root,keys);
    return keys;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::insert(const k &key, const t &data)
{
    if(pexists(root,key))
        return false;

    return pinsert(root,key,data,nullptr);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::remove(const k &key)
{
    return premove(key,root,nullptr);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::exists(const k &key)const
{
    return pexists(root,key);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
bool dictionary<k,t>::changeKey(const k &keyfrom,const k &keyto)
{
    if(pexists(root,keyto))
        return false;

    element* remptr;
    element* parent=nullptr;
    remptr = find(keyfrom,root,parent);

    //copypasta from remove method
    {
        if(remptr==nullptr)
            return false;
        else if(remptr->right==nullptr&&remptr->left==nullptr)
        {
            if(parent)
            {
                if(parent->right==remptr)
                    parent->right=nullptr;
                else
                    parent->left=nullptr;
            }
            else
                root=nullptr;
            size--;
            balance(root);
        }
        else if(remptr->right==nullptr||remptr->left==nullptr)
        {
            if(parent)
            {
                if(parent->right==remptr)
                {
                    if(remptr->right==nullptr)
                        parent->right=remptr->left;
                    else
                        parent->right=remptr->right;
                }
                else
                {
                    if(remptr->right==nullptr)
                        parent->left=remptr->left;
                    else
                        parent->left=remptr->right;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if(remptr->right==nullptr)
                    root=remptr->left;
                else
                    root=remptr->right;
            }
            size--;
            balance(root);
        }
        else
        {
            element* repparent=nullptr;
            element* repptr=findrep(remptr->right,false,repparent);

            if(parent)
            {
                if(parent->right==remptr)
                    parent->right=repptr;
                else
                    parent->left=repptr;
            }
            else
                root=repptr;
            repptr->left=remptr->left;
            if(remptr->right!=repptr)
            {
                repparent->left=repptr->right;
                repptr->right=remptr->right;
            }
            size--;
            balance(root);
        }
    }

    remptr->key=keyto;
    pinsert_pseudo(root,remptr,nullptr);
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::printTree()const
{
    vector<element*> storage;
    unsigned maxlvl=0;
    calclvls(root,0,storage,maxlvl);
    cout<<"size: "<<storage.size()<<endl;
    cout<<"maxlvl: "<<maxlvl<<endl;

    for(int i=1; i<=maxlvl; i++)
    {
        for(int j=0; j<storage.size(); j++)
        {
            if(storage(j)->level==i)
            {
                cout<<storage(j)->key<<"  "<<storage(j)->height;
                cout<<"(";
                if(storage(j)->right)
                    cout<<storage(j)->right->key;
                cout<<",";
                if(storage(j)->left)
                    cout<<storage(j)->left->key;
                cout<<")"<<"  |  ";
            }
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
}


template<typename u, typename i>
bool operator==(const dictionary<u,i> & check1,const dictionary<u,i> & check2)
{
    return check1.comparator(check2.root);
}


template<typename u, typename i>
bool operator!=(const dictionary<u,i> & check1,const dictionary<u,i> & check2)
{
    return !check1.comparator(check2.root);
}


template<typename u, typename i>
ostream & operator<< (ostream & os, const dictionary<u,i> & toprint)
{
    toprint.printos(os,toprint.root);
    return os;
}


template<typename k, typename t>
void dictionary<k,t>::printDescend(ostream & os)const
{
    printosdes(os,root);
}

int main()
{

    dictionary<int,string> lol;
    lol.insert(5,"dont care");
    lol.insert(8,"dont care");
    lol.insert(3,"dont care");
    lol.insert(1,"dont care");
    lol.insert(4,"dont care");
    lol.insert(10,"dont care");
    lol.insert(6,"dont care");
    lol.insert(12,"dont care");
    lol.insert(11,"dont care");

    lol.insert(7,"dont care");
    lol.insert(13,"dont care");
    lol.insert(2,"dont care");
    lol.printTree();
    lol.remove(8);
    lol.printTree();

    lol.getData(11)="well what do you know it works";

    dictionary<int,string> lol2;
    lol2+=lol;

    cout<<(lol2==lol)<<endl;

    cout<<lol<<endl;
    lol.printDescend(cout);


    lol2.insert(-10,"hi im new here");
    lol2.insert(23,"hi im new here");
    lol2.insert(7,"hi im new here");
    lol2.insert(-1,"hi im new here");



    cout<<(lol2==lol)<<endl;

    lol2.changeKey(7,1000);

    cout<<"Start keys found in order"<<endl;
    for(int i=0; i<lol2.vgetKeys().size(); i++)
        cout<<lol2.vgetKeys()(i)<<endl;
    cout<<"End keys found in order"<<endl;

    cout<<"Start keys found in order"<<endl;
    for(int i=0; i<lol2.vgetKeys("dont care").size(); i++)
        cout<<lol2.vgetKeys("dont care")(i)<<endl;
    cout<<"End keys found in order"<<endl;

    lol2.changeKey(lol2.vgetKeys("dont care")(0),666);

    dictionary<int,string> lol3 = lol2+lol;
    cout<<"we got here"<<endl;
    (lol2-lol).printTree();
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<(lol2-lol).getSize();
    cout<<endl;
    lol.printTree();
    cout<<endl;
    lol2.printTree();
    cout<<lol2.getData(11)<<endl;
    cout<<lol2.vgetKeys("hiim new here").size()<<endl;
    cout<<lol2.lgetKeys("dont care").size()<<endl;

    cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<"------------End Normal Testing------------------"<<endl;


    srand(time(nullptr));
    lol3.clear();
    int loops = 10000;
    cout<<"the loop length is: "<<loops<<endl;
    for(int i=0; i<loops; i++)
        lol3.insert(rand(),"does it matter");
    for(int i=0; i<loops; i++)
        lol3.remove(rand());
    // lol3.printTree();
    //cout<<lol3<<endl;
    cout<<"the size is: "<<lol3.getSize()<<endl;

}

Could you please help me improve it

catalina – Using the urban dictionary as a custom dictionary

On MacOS Catalina, I use the force touch to look up words, which uses the dictionary app. I want to import the whole urban dictionary to the dictionary.app. The problem is that as time goes on the imported dictionary will be outdated.

In the dictionary.app there is also a Wikipedia dictionary. I believe, it works only online, which means the “lookup” can request from webpages. This can be used to get definitions from urban dictionary. I’ve stuck here and don’t know how to continue. Any guidance or help would be appreciated :]

python – Search in different type of list of dictionary by keys

I am requesting data from different APIs. All of them provide similar information but output they provide is a little bit different with regard to the structure. Every output is contained in list of dictionary but with different organisation and structure. One output can be a list with just one dictionary, other more than one dictionary and also dictionary as value of another dictionary.

Here I show one example output

[{'allele_string': 'G/A',
 'transcript_consequences': [{'protein_end': 663,
   'gene_symbol_source': 'HGNC',
   'protein_start': 663,
   'gene_symbol': 'MYH7',
   'amino_acids': 'R/H',
   'codons': 'cGc/cAc',
   'biotype': 'protein_coding',
   'hgnc_id': 'HGNC:7577',
   'cds_end': 1988,
   'cds_start': 1988,
   'polyphen_score': 0.782,
   'transcript_id': 'ENST00000355349',
   'cdna_start': 2093,
   'impact': 'MODERATE',
   'consequence_terms': ['missense_variant'],
   'variant_allele': 'A',
   'cdna_end': 2093,
   'sift_score': 0.06,
   'gene_id': 'ENSG00000092054',
   'sift_prediction': 'tolerated',
   'polyphen_prediction': 'possibly_damaging',
   'strand': -1}],
 'input': 'NM_000257.3:c.1988G>A',
 'start': 23426833,
 'end': 23426833,
 'colocated_variants': [{'phenotype_or_disease': 1,
   'allele_string': 'HGMD_MUTATION',
   'strand': 1,
   'id': 'CM993620',
   'seq_region_name': '14',
   'end': 23426833,
   'start': 23426833},
  {'allele_string': 'C/T',
...

Independently of the structure of the list of dictionaries, I need to get for example the value of the key ‘gene_symbol’ and ‘allele_string’. These values can be in the first dictionary of the list or in the last one or in a dictionary inside another dictionary. So I think that what I need is to read key by key of the complete list and find the key I am looking for and then save its value in one variable for example

gene_symbol = 'value_found'

Is this the best approach to do this? and How can I do that?

who to synchronize user-added dictionary entries between apps and devices

Is there an easy solution or app for synchronizing entries manually added by the users into the spelling dictionaries of e.g. office apps, web browsers, email client and so on between those apps and maybe even over several devices?

I only found the following useful but less helpful resources so far:

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=409969
https://ask.libreoffice.org/en/question/137568/feature-writer-sync-your-dictionaries/

Thanks in advance!

terminal – Dictionary manipulation script for Music Theory Ph.D

I am trying to put together a time saving tool to help with transcriptions for my Ph.D. dissertation. I don’t know if it’s better done in python or through a bash script in terminal, or what.

I want to input a plain text file of ordinary lyrics (no punctuation) and process it through a machine readable pronouncing dictionary to produce an output text file in a particular format.

The dictionary (LyricDict) lists the pronunciations of words (one word per line) separated into syllables (using periods), each of which is divided into three parts: consonants (“onset”) – vowel (“nucleus”) – consonants (“coda” not always present) Dictionary entries are formatted as follows, encoded using a version of the ASCII phonetic alphabet ARPAbet (consonants are 1-letter, vowels are 2-letter):

WORD(2 spaces)ONSET1 ONSET2...ONSETn NUCLEUS CODA1 CODA2...CODAn

E.g.

FOOBAR  f UW1 . b AAR0 r
STRONG  s t r AO1 G

So I’d like to convert an input.txt file containing “Foobar strong” into an output.txt file containing:

f-UW1 b-AAR0-r
str-AO1-G

Basically, clump the consonants together without spaces, separate onset, nucleus, and coda with hyphens, and separate syllables with a single space on the same line. Any time a word isn’t found in the dictionary, just print the original word, so it can be identified and added to the dictionary.

Anyone think they could find it in their heart to help out a humble script kitty? I’m trying to avoid having to completely switch mental gears from my research to spend hours trying to figure this out. I would be forever grateful, and also, I would mention you in the dissertation acknowledgments.

Nested dictionary creation with setdefault

Is there a better way of creating a nested dictionary than what I’m doing below? The result for the setdefault is because I don’t know whether that particular key exists yet or not.

def record_execution_log_action(
        execution_log, region, service, resource, resource_id, resource_action
    ):
        execution_log("AWS").setdefault(region, {}).setdefault(service, {}).setdefault(
            resource, ()
        ).append(
            {
                "id": resource_id,
                "action": resource_action,
                "timestamp": datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
            }
        )